FADS Gene
Fatty Acid Desaturase - Omega-3 and Omega-6 Metabolism
Overview
The FADS (Fatty Acid Desaturase) gene cluster encodes enzymes that convert essential fatty acids (EFAs) into longer-chain polyunsaturated fatty acids (PUFAs). These enzymes are crucial for converting alpha-linolenic acid (ALA) into EPA and DHA, and linoleic acid (LA) into arachidonic acid (AA).
Genetic variants in FADS genes can significantly impact the efficiency of omega-3 and omega-6 metabolism, affecting inflammation, cardiovascular health, brain function, and overall wellness. Understanding your FADS genotype helps optimize your omega-3 supplementation strategy.
Common Variants
Reduced Function Variant
Moderate-High ImpactEnzyme Activity: Reduced conversion efficiency of ALA to EPA/DHA
Clinical Significance: Individuals with reduced FADS function may have difficulty converting plant-based omega-3 (ALA) into the active forms (EPA and DHA) that the body can use. This can impact inflammation regulation, cardiovascular health, and cognitive function.
Supplementation Recommendations
Supplement Form:
- • Pre-formed EPA/DHA - Direct omega-3 supplementation (preferred)
- • Fish Oil - Rich in EPA and DHA
- • Algal Oil - Plant-based source of EPA and DHA
- • Avoid relying solely on ALA sources (flax, chia) as conversion is inefficient
Recommended Dosage:
- • EPA: 1,000-2,000 mg daily
- • DHA: 500-1,000 mg daily
- • Combined EPA/DHA: 1,500-3,000 mg daily
- • Higher doses may be needed for therapeutic purposes
Synergistic Nutrients:
- • Vitamin E - Protects omega-3 from oxidation
- • Zinc - Cofactor for desaturase enzymes
- • Magnesium - Supports fatty acid metabolism
- • B-vitamins - Support overall lipid metabolism
Normal Function Variant
Normal ConversionEnzyme Activity: Normal conversion efficiency
Clinical Significance: Normal ability to convert ALA to EPA/DHA. Both plant-based and marine sources can be effective, though direct EPA/DHA supplementation may still be beneficial for optimal levels.
Research Evidence
Genetic Studies: FADS variants have been extensively studied in relation to fatty acid metabolism, inflammation markers, and cardiovascular health outcomes.
Population Differences: FADS variants show significant frequency differences across populations, with implications for dietary recommendations.
Clinical Applications: Understanding FADS genotype helps personalize omega-3 supplementation to ensure adequate EPA and DHA levels regardless of conversion efficiency.
Important Considerations
- • Omega-3 to omega-6 ratio is important for inflammation balance
- • Consider omega-3 index testing to monitor EPA/DHA levels
- • Quality and purity of fish oil supplements should be verified
- • Individual needs may vary based on diet, lifestyle, and health goals